ABSTRACT
Background: Congenital malformations (CMs) represent a major cause of admission in most of the NICU all over the world.They represent a defect in the morphogenesis during early fetal life. With the advances in delivery and newborn care, CMshave emerged as one of the most common causes of perinatal mortality.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and pattern of CMs among neonates in a teaching hospital.Materials and Methods: The retrospective study of live neonates from newborn to 28 days of age both inborn and outbornadmitted to the unit irrespective of their general condition with CMs comprised the study population. Details of investigations likeultrasonography, radiology, echocardiography, laboratory studies have done were noted from the case record. Their outcomein the form of morbidity, hospital stay, and mortality was analyzed.Results: In 2132 babies, with malformations were 87 (4.08%). Of which inborn babies were 3.9% and outborn babies were 4.8%.Of the malformed babies were 54% of male and 45% of female, 1% was DSD. Cesarean delivery was 63.2%, other modes were36.8%. The cardiovascular system was involved in 35.6% of babies, followed by the musculoskeletal system (26.4%), then thegenitourinary system 13.8%, gastrointestinal (9.2%), and central nervous system (10.3%). Maternal risk factors associated withmalformations were maternal diabetes in 2.3%, age between 21 and 30 in 87.4%, and consanguinity in 8%. Maximum mortalityoccurred in babies with cardiovascular system malformations (76.5%). Majority of babies with malformations discharged (65.5%)only 19.5% of babies expired and 15% of babies were referred for intervention at a higher center.Conclusions: CMs represent one of the causes of neonatal mortality. Health-care managers must stress on primary preventionin the form of good antenatal care, nutrition, and drugs to decrease the preventable share of CMs. Early detection and timelymanagement are required to decrease mortality